Win32

Compound Win32 Synchronization Objects
Describes strategies to combine the Win32 synchronization primitives into more complex synchronization objects. It presents several solutions for implementing advanced synchronization objects along with a comparison of how they perform.
http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms810427.aspx

Multithreaded Programming with Win32
This book describes techniques for designing and implementing multithreaded software applications.
http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0130109126

Multithreading for Rookies
Focuses on some practical applications of Win32 multithreading.
http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms810438.aspx

POSIX Threads (pthreads) for Win32
An implementation of POSIX pthreads for Win32. [Open source, LGPL].
http://sources.redhat.com/pthreads-win32/

Strategies for Implementing POSIX Condition Variables on Win32
This article explores various techniques and patterns for implementing POSIX condition variables correctly and/or fairly on Win32.
http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/win32-cv-1.html

Synchronization Primitives New to Windows Vista
Focuses on several of the new thread synchronization features introduced with Windows Vista: condition variables, slim reader/writer locks, and one-time initialization. <small>(June, 2007)</small>
http://msdn.microsoft.com/msdnmag/issues/07/06/Concurrency/