TCP

A Compound TCP Approach for High-speed and Long Distance Networks
Technical paper on an experimental variant of TCP optimised for high-speed, long-distance networks.
http://research.microsoft.com/research/pubs/view.aspx?type=Technical%20Report&id=940

Equation-Based Congestion Control for Unicast Applications
Research papers on TCP-Friendly Rate Control
http://www.icir.org/tfrc/

Prioritizing empty TCP ACKs with pf and ALTQ
An OpenBSD-specific way to relieve TCP performance degradation due to congestion in the opposite direction across a bottleneck.
http://www.benzedrine.cx/ackpri.html

Sally Floyd at ICIR
Proposed and experimental improvements to congestion control.
http://www.icir.org/floyd/

TCP: From PSH to ACK
Concise descriptions of the different algorithms involved in implementing TCP.
http://cities.lk.net/tcp.html

TCP/IP Resources List
A meta-FAQ about TCP/IP regularly posted to Usenet.
http://www.private.org.il/tcpip_rl.html

TCPSAT list of TCP papers
A list of pointers to author's copies of TCP-related papers from (now closed) IETF TCP Over Satellite working group.
http://www.isi.edu/tcpsat/papers.html

T/TCP Home Page
Historic description of T/TCP. Includes links to RFCs and source code. Not being updated since Richard W. Stevens has passed away.
http://www.kohala.com/start/ttcp.html

Understanding TCP Vegas
Technical report.
http://www.cs.princeton.edu/research/techreps/TR-616-00

A User's Guide to TCP Windows
A User's Guide to TCP Windows
http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/People/vwelch/net_perf/tcp_windows.html

The Web 100 Project
The goal is to make 100Mbps TCP streams over wide-area networks possible for general users.
http://www.web100.org/